Seven people have now received Neuralink’s N1 brain implant, marking a major milestone for Elon Musk’s company as it advances thought-controlled technology. The implant is designed to help individuals with cervical spinal cord injuries or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) operate devices using neural signals—essentially allowing them to control computers with their thoughts. Six of the recipients are participating in the PRIME study at the Barrow Neurological Institute in Phoenix, Arizona, which aims to demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of the N1 implant, the R1 surgical robot used for implantation, and the N1 User App. The procedure involves a robotic arm drilling a tiny hole in the skull to insert ultra-thin threads into the brain, which wirelessly transmit signals to external devices via Bluetooth.
Among the recipients is Neuralink’s first human patient, Noland Arbaugh, paralyzed in a diving accident. Using the implant, he can browse the internet, send emails, and even play video games without moving a muscle. He reports 90% accuracy in controlling the cursor and is constantly finding new ways to improve his life—editing websites, writing, researching, and managing his banking. Other patients include Alex, who lost arm function and now designs 3D machine parts with CAD software; Brad, the first ALS patient implanted; Mike, the first full-time worker using the implant who continues survey work remotely; and RJ, a veteran paralyzed in a motorcycle accident. Two other patients remain anonymous.
Neuralink faces competition from companies like Synchron, which has implanted its less invasive “Stentrode” device in 10 patients. Unlike Neuralink, Synchron’s device is inserted via catheter into a vein above the brain, avoiding open-brain surgery, and will soon offer Bluetooth compatibility with Apple products. Other firms, such as Precision Neuroscience, are exploring non-invasive brain-computer interface options.
Despite progress, Neuralink has not yet received FDA approval, so implants remain available only through clinical trials. Safety concerns from earlier animal studies persist, and many experts call for more peer-reviewed research. Ethical questions about data privacy and equitable access are also being raised; bioethicist Dr. Matthew Liao emphasizes the need for regulation before this technology becomes a luxury item. Public opinion is divided—while many are fascinated by videos of thought-controlled typing, there is cautious skepticism about possible “tech overreach.”
As Neuralink prepares for trials involving up to 1,000 patients, the current seven recipients symbolize a pivotal moment: will brain-computer interfaces transform care for disabilities, or usher in complex societal and ethical challenges that could shape healthcare and human enhancement for years to come?